بِسْمِ اللهِ الرَّحْمٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ
This is one of the most powerful themes in the Quran — Allah سبحانه وتعالى addresses this claim with expressions of divine wrath, cosmic horror, and absolute refutation across multiple Surahs. Here are the key verses:

🔴 The Most Powerful — Surah Maryam (19:88–92)
This passage contains perhaps the strongest expression of divine displeasure anywhere in the Quran:
وَقَالُوا اتَّخَذَ الرَّحْمَٰنُ وَلَدًا ۙ لَّقَدْ جِئْتُمْ شَيْئًا إِدًّا ۩ تَكَادُ السَّمَاوَاتُ يَتَفَطَّرْنَ مِنْهُ وَتَنشَقُّ الْأَرْضُ وَتَخِرُّ الْجِبَالُ هَدًّا ۩ أَن دَعَوْا لِلرَّحْمَٰنِ وَلَدًا
“And they say: ‘The Most Gracious has begotten a son!’ Indeed, you have brought forth something monstrous — at which the heavens are about to burst apart, the earth to split asunder, and the mountains to collapse in devastation — that they attribute a son to the Most Gracious!”
(19:88–91)
Allah — after affirming that ’Isa عليه السلام was a servant of Allah born without a father — refutes those who claim He has a son, describing this claim as something “terrible” (إِدًّا). Ibn Abbas, Mujahid, Qatadah, and Imam Malik all explained this word as meaning something utterly monstrous and dreadful. 
The imagery here is staggering: the heavens nearly splitting, the earth cracking, mountains crumbling — all as a cosmic reaction to this statement.

🔴 Surah Yunus (10:68)
قَالُوا اتَّخَذَ اللَّهُ وَلَدًا ۗ سُبْحَانَهُ ۖ هُوَ الْغَنِيُّ
“They say: ‘Allah has taken a son!’ — Glory be to Him! He is Self-Sufficient! To Him belongs all that is in the heavens and the earth. No authority have you for this! Do you say about Allah what you do not know?”
(10:68)
This is followed by the declaration that Allah is All-Sufficient — free of all those needs that impel a mortal without an heir to adopt a son — and that all beings in the heavens and earth are His servants and bondsmen, meaning no creature has an exclusive personal relationship with Him that would elevate them to godhood. 

🔴 Surah Al-Kahf (18:4)
وَيُنذِرَ الَّذِينَ قَالُوا اتَّخَذَ اللَّهُ وَلَدًا
“And to warn those who say: ‘Allah has taken a son.’”
(18:4)
In Mawdudi’s Tafheem ul-Quran, “those people” in this verse includes the Christians, the Jews, and the mushrik Arabs — all of whom assigned offspring to Allah in different ways.  The Quran was sent as a warning (نذير) specifically to refute this claim.

🔴 Surah Al-Anbiya (21:26)
وَقَالُوا اتَّخَذَ الرَّحْمَٰنُ وَلَدًا ۗ سُبْحَانَهُ ۚ بَلْ عِبَادٌ مُّكْرَمُونَ
“And they say: ‘The Most Gracious has taken offspring.’ Glory be to Him! They are but honored servants.”
(21:26)
Allah answers the claim directly: those being called “sons of God” are nothing but honoured slaves — ’ibad mukramun.

🔴 Surah Al-Mu’minun (23:91)
مَا اتَّخَذَ اللَّهُ مِن وَلَدٍ وَمَا كَانَ مَعَهُ مِنْ إِلَٰهٍ
“Allah has not taken any son, nor is there any deity with Him — otherwise each god would have taken away what it created, and some would have overpowered others.”
(23:91)
This gives a rational proof: if Allah had a son who was also divine, it would lead to cosmic conflict and the destruction of order. The unity of creation testifies to Tawhid.

🔴 Surah Al-Isra (17:111)
قُلِ الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ الَّذِي لَمْ يَتَّخِذْ وَلَدًا
“Say: Praise be to Allah who has not taken a son, and who has no partner in His dominion, and who has no need of any protector out of weakness. And magnify Him with all magnificence!”
(17:111)

🔴 Surah Maryam (19:35)
مَا كَانَ لِلَّهِ أَن يَتَّخِذَ مِن وَلَدٍ ۖ سُبْحَانَهُ
“It is not befitting for Allah to take a son. Glory be to Him! When He decrees a matter, He simply says ‘Be!’ and it is.”
(19:35)
This shows the logical impossibility: a Being who creates by a single word of command has absolutely no need for offspring.

Summary Table Surah Verse Key Point Maryam 19:88–91 Heavens, earth, mountains react to this claim Yunus 10:68 Allah is Self-Sufficient — no warrant for this claim Al-Kahf 18:4 Quran sent to warn those who say this Al-Anbiya 21:26 They are merely honoured servants Al-Mu’minun 23:91 Rational proof from unity of creation Al-Isra 17:111 Command to praise Allah who is free of this Maryam 19:35 Not befitting His Majesty — He only says “Be!”

The ayat of Surah Maryam 19:88–91 stand in a class by themselves — the cosmos itself recoils. Allah does not merely correct this claim; He expresses through creation itself the magnitude of this transgression against His Majesty and Oneness.
سُبْحَانَهُ وَتَعَالَىٰ عَمَّا يَقُولُونَ عُلُوًّا كَبِيرًا
“Glory be to Him, and High is He above what they say — greatly exalted!” (17:43)