Q:

Can you please share the stand of other faiths from their theological books?
Where in the world this prohibition is practiced
What countries legitimized it?

A:

بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم
Here is the comprehensive comparative reference document across three sections.

SECTION ONE: THE STAND OF OTHER FAITHS FROM THEIR THEOLOGICAL TEXTS

1. JUDAISM
   Primary Texts: Torah (Leviticus / Vayikra)
   The Torah is the primary source for Jewish views on homosexuality. It states: “A man shall not lie with another man as he would with a woman — it is תועבה (to’eba, ‘abomination’)” (Leviticus 18:22).
   The book of Vayikra (Leviticus) is traditionally regarded as classifying sexual intercourse between males as a to’eivah (something abhorred or detested) that could be subject to capital punishment by the contemporary Sanhedrin under halakha (Jewish law). The act is regarded as a type of giluy arayot — the most strictly forbidden class of illicit sexual relations.
   Denominational Divergence Today:
   Reform Judaism incorporates lesbian and gay rabbis and same-sex marriage liturgies, while Reconstructionist Judaism and Conservative Judaism in the US allows for lesbian and gay rabbis and same-sex unions. Orthodox Judaism does not accept same-sex marriage, and its highest governing body, the Orthodox Union, has lobbied against gay marriage nationally and in various states.
   Key Point: The Orthodox position, grounded in the plain text of Leviticus 18:22 and 20:13, is uncompromising. The Reform and Conservative departures are modern phenomena with no classical precedent in rabbinic law.
2. CHRISTIANITY
   Old Testament Foundation (shared with Judaism):
   Leviticus 18:22 and 20:13 — as cited above — are also foundational to Christian theology, particularly in traditional denominations.
   New Testament — St. Paul’s Letters:
   In Romans 1, Paul attributes homosexual desires to a refusal to acknowledge and worship God: “For this reason God gave them up to dishonorable passions. Their women exchanged natural relations for unnatural, and the men likewise gave up natural relations with women and were consumed with passion for one another, men committing shameless acts with men and receiving in their own persons the due penalty for their error.”
   In Romans 1:26–27, 1 Corinthians 6:9–10, and 1 Timothy 1:9–10, St. Paul is very clear that engaging in homosexual relations is contrary to the moral law. The New Testament also repeatedly affirms that homosexual activity is gravely immoral.
   Catholic Church — Official Position:
   The Roman Catholic Church teaches that homosexual acts are intrinsically disordered and gravely sinful, contrary to natural law and Sacred Scripture. This position, codified in the Catechism of the Catholic Church (paragraphs 2357–2359, promulgated in 1992), distinguishes between the objective disorder of the acts — which close the sexual act to procreation and lack genuine complementarity — and the homosexual inclination itself, which, while objectively disordered, does not constitute sin if not acted upon. The Church grounds this in tradition and biblical texts such as Leviticus 18:22, Romans 1:26–27, and 1 Corinthians 6:9–10.
   Protestant Denominations:
   The prohibitions against homosexuality are restated in the New Testament (Romans 1, 1 Corinthians 6, 1 Timothy 1). The historical Christian consensus across patristic writings, medieval canon law, and the Protestant Reformers treated homosexual conduct as sodomy — a grave sin warranting ecclesiastical discipline. In modern times, mainline Protestant denominations (Anglican, Methodist, Lutheran) are divided, with liberal wings accepting same-sex unions while evangelical and conservative wings maintain the traditional prohibition.
   Summary for Christianity: The scriptural condemnation is explicit, multi-sourced (Old and New Testament), and was the unanimous position of Christianity for nearly 2,000 years. The recent liberal acceptance represents a departure from the entire classical tradition.
3. HINDUISM
   Primary Texts: Manusmriti & Dharmashastra
   None of the sacred Hindu texts, such as the Vedas or the Upanishads, contain a straightforward condemnation of homosexuality akin to that found in Leviticus 18:22. The frankest reference comes in the Laws of Manu (Manusmriti).
   The Dharmashastra recognises the existence of homosexuality and openly condemns non-vaginal sex in religious or moral terms. In the Manusmriti and the Arthashastra of Kautilya, homosexual contact is compared to having sex with a menstruating woman, which is sinful and demands a purification ritual. The Yājñavalkya Smṛti prescribes fines for such acts.
   The Manusmriti provides punishment to homosexual men and women: if a girl has sex with another girl, she is liable for a fine of two hundred coins and ten whiplashes; and sexual union between two men brings loss of caste.
   The stance taken by Dharma literature regarding homosexuality is not entirely opposing nor entirely supportive. The Dharma Shastras value heterosexual marriage and acknowledge the existence of other forms of sexuality, seeking to restrain them with fines and penance rather than overtly condemning them in religious or moral terms. The punishments are considerably milder than those in Abrahamic traditions.
   Key Point: Hinduism presents the most ambiguous scriptural position of the major traditions — acknowledging and discouraging same-sex acts, but without the categorical moral denunciation found in the Torah, Bible, or Quran.
4. BUDDHISM
   Primary Texts: Pali Canon & Vinaya
   According to the Pāli Canon and Āgama (the early Buddhist scriptures), there is nothing saying that same or opposite gender relations have anything to do with sexual misconduct, for lay people. Within the earliest monastic rules known as the Vinaya (c. 4th century BCE), male monks are explicitly forbidden from having sexual relations with any of the four genders: male, female, ubhatovyañjanaka and paṇḍaka.
   The Buddha’s proscriptions against certain types of people joining the monastic sangha (ordained community) are often understood to reflect his concern with upholding the public image of the sangha as virtuous; in some cases this is explicitly stated. Social acceptability was vital for the sangha, as it could not survive without material support from lay society.
   Key Point: Buddhism does not have a direct scriptural condemnation of homosexuality for lay people. The monastic code is stricter. Traditional Buddhist cultures (Thailand, Sri Lanka, Myanmar) have historically been socially conservative, though Buddhism is now more likely than Confucianism to accept homosexuality at the institutional level.

COMPARATIVE SUMMARY — RELIGIOUS POSITIONS Faith Core Text Scriptural Stand Severity of Condemnation Islam Quran (15:73–74, 7:80–84, 26:165–166) + Hadith Explicit, categorical prohibition Strongest — societal punishment + divine destruction of Lut’s people Judaism (Orthodox) Leviticus 18:22, 20:13 (Torah) Explicit prohibition, termed to’eba (abomination) Capital punishment under halakha Christianity (Catholic/Evangelical) Leviticus + Romans 1, 1 Cor 6:9–10, 1 Tim 1:10 Explicit, called “intrinsically disordered” Grave moral sin Hinduism Manusmriti XI:68, Dharmashastra Discouraged, fine + ritual penance Mild — loss of caste, ritual purification Buddhism Vinaya (monks only); silent for laity No explicit prohibition for lay people Minimal — primarily social/monastic concern

SECTION TWO: WHERE HOMOSEXUALITY IS CRIMINALLY PROHIBITED
As of 2024, homosexuality is criminalised in 64 countries globally, with most of these nations situated in the Middle East, Africa and Asia. In 12 of these countries, the death penalty is either enforced or remains a possibility for private, consensual same-sex sexual activity. 
The number has since risen: Trinidad & Tobago’s Court of Appeal reinstated the country’s buggery and gross indecency laws in March 2025, and Mali adopted a new penal code criminalising homosexuality in December 2024. In September 2025, Burkina Faso also adopted anti-gay laws. 
Countries Where Death Penalty Applies or Is Possible:
The 12 countries where the death penalty is imposed or at least a possibility for private, consensual same-sex sexual activity are: Mauritania, Nigeria (northern states), Somalia, Afghanistan, Brunei, Iran, Pakistan, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Uganda, and Yemen. 
By Region:
Middle East (virtually unanimous prohibition):
In the overwhelmingly Islamic Middle East, it is quicker to highlight the countries that do not have anti-gay laws than those that do.  Iran, Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Qatar, UAE, Kuwait, Oman, Bahrain, and Iraq all criminalise homosexuality, with punishments ranging from imprisonment to death.
Africa:
Across much of Africa, gay people face discrimination, persecution, and potentially even death. Homosexuality carries a sentence of capital punishment in Mauritania, Sudan, southern Somalia and northern Nigeria.  Other African countries with criminalisation include Algeria, Cameroon, Egypt, Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Libya, Malawi, Tanzania, Uganda, and Zambia, among others.
Asia:
Afghanistan, Brunei, Bangladesh (partial), Malaysia, Maldives, Myanmar, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka (under review) all maintain legal prohibitions.

SECTION THREE: COUNTRIES THAT HAVE LEGALISED SAME-SEX MARRIAGE
Same-sex marriage is legal in nearly 40 places worldwide as of June 2025. Most of these are in Europe and the Americas. The Netherlands was the first in 2001, followed by Belgium in 2003, then Canada and Spain in 2005. The most recent additions include Estonia, Greece and Nepal in 2024 and Liechtenstein and Thailand in 2025. Estonia was the first Baltic country to legalise it, and Thailand was the first Southeast Asian country to do so. 
Full List (Chronological): Year Country / Territory 2001 Netherlands 2003 Belgium 2005 Canada, Spain 2006 South Africa 2009 Norway, Sweden 2010 Argentina, Iceland, Portugal, Mexico (partial) 2012 Denmark 2013 Brazil, France, New Zealand, Uruguay 2015 Ireland, Luxembourg, USA 2016 Colombia 2017 Germany, Malta, Finland 2019 Austria, Ecuador, Taiwan 2020 Costa Rica, UK (extended) 2021 Chile, Switzerland 2022 Cuba, Slovenia 2023 Andorra 2024 Estonia, Greece, Nepal 2025 Liechtenstein, Thailand

Same-sex marriage has advanced in countries and regions where acceptance of homosexuality is high. Globally, half of countries that allow it are in Western Europe. South Africa remains the only country on the African continent where same-sex couples can marry. Several European governments still do not allow same-sex unions, notably Italy and much of Eastern Europe. 

Key Observation for ForOneCreator Context
The global picture presents a striking civilisational divide:
∙ The Muslim world (57 OIC member states) maintains near-unanimous prohibition, grounded in divine revelation confirmed across all four classical madhabs.
∙ The traditional Jewish and Christian worlds maintain the same prohibition scripturally, though Western liberal Christianity has largely departed from it institutionally.
∙ The secular Western liberal order has progressively legalised it since 2001, largely through judicial activism and legislative majorities rather than popular referenda.
∙ The Global South — Africa, Asia, the Muslim world — constitutes the overwhelming demographic majority of humanity and remains firmly opposed, meaning the “global acceptance” narrative is in fact a Western minority position imposed through diplomatic, economic, and media pressure.
والله أعلم