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Q: When was Surah An-Nisa revealed?
It was revealed in Medina between the end of A.H. 3 and early A.H. 5, primarily in the aftermath of the Battle of Uhud.
Q: What events triggered its revelation?
Three major triggers shaped its revelation: the social crises following the Battle of Uhud (such as inheritance disputes for martyrs and orphan rights), the exile of the Banu Nadir Jews in A.H. 4, and the need for legislation around wartime practices like tayammum and shortened prayers during expeditions.
Q: What does the surah say about women and orphans?
It establishes their rights to inheritance (vv. 7–12), mandates dowries for women (v. 4), prohibits the usurping of orphans’ wealth (v. 10), and forbids forcing women into marriage — all of which were serious abuses in pre-Islamic Arabian society.
Q: How does the surah address polygamy?
It permits up to four wives but makes this contingent on the husband’s ability to treat them with complete fairness (v. 3). It also abolishes the pre-Islamic practice of inheriting women as property.
Q: What are the surah’s inheritance laws?
Verses 11–12 lay out detailed and equitable rules for distributing wealth among family members after death, making it one of the most comprehensive legal passages on inheritance in the Quran.
Q: What moral and social conduct does the surah promote?
It commands fair judgment (v. 58), fulfillment of trusts, and obedience to Allah, the Prophet, and legitimate authority (v. 59). It also prohibits alcohol (v. 43), usury (v. 161), and sexual misconduct (vv. 15–16), grounding all of this in taqwa — God-consciousness — as the foundation of a healthy society.
Q: How does the surah respond to the defeat at Uhud?
It critically examines the disobedience and hypocrisy that contributed to the losses at Uhud (vv. 73–100), while also legitimizing warfare for self-defense and religious freedom (vv. 71–76). It frames resilience and discipline as essential to the community’s survival.
Q: What is Salat al-Khawf?
It refers to the guidelines given in verse 102 for performing prayer during active military engagements — a practical concession that reflects Islam’s concern for worship even under the most difficult conditions.
Q: How does the surah address the People of the Book?
It critiques Jewish distortions of scripture and Christian theological deviations, particularly the doctrines of the Trinity and the divinity of Jesus (vv. 44–57, 171–172). It also warns Muslims against forming close alliances with those who are hostile to their faith (vv. 138–139).
Q: What does the surah say about hypocrites?
It identifies the defining traits of hypocrites (munafiqun) across several passages (vv. 88–91, 138–145) and calls on the Muslim community to remain vigilant about this internal threat, which Maududi considered as dangerous as external enemies.
Q: How is the surah structured overall?
It moves from family law (vv. 1–35) through community ethics, purification rules, theological critique, governance principles, military ethics, and concludes with exhortations on accountability and the afterlife (vv. 105–176).
Q: What makes Maududi’s treatment of this surah distinctive?
In Tafheem-ul-Quran, Maududi integrates legal rulings with moral psychology, connects verses to specific historical events like the Banu Nadir exile and the Najran Christian delegation, and systematically refutes the Trinity using Quranic reasoning — giving the surah both scholarly depth and practical relevance.
Q: What is the broader significance of Surah An-Nisa?
It is often described as a constitutional blueprint for Muslim society, balancing individual rights with collective stability. A Prophetic narration further underscores its importance, comparing the reward for reciting it to freeing a slave and spending in Allah’s path.
Messages from Quran 