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It is with great respect and clarity that I provide you with the details of the Last Sermon of Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him).
This sermon, known as the Farewell Sermon (Khutbat al-Wada’), was delivered on the 9th of Dhul Hijjah, 10 AH (632 CE) on the plains of Mount Arafat during his only and final Hajj pilgrimage.
The sermon is a profound summary of the core teachings of Islam and is considered a constitutional charter for humanity. It was delivered to a massive gathering of over 100,000 companions, and its words have been meticulously preserved through narration.
Here is a summary of its key messages and excerpts, as recorded in the Hadith collections of Sahih al-Bukhari, Sahih Muslim, and others.
The Core Messages of the Farewell Sermon
- The Sanctity of Life and Property: The Prophet declared the inviolability of a Muslim’s life, property, and honor.
- Abolition of Usury (Riba): He categorically abolished all forms of usurious transactions.
- Rights of Women: He emphasized the rights of women and instructed men to treat them with kindness and fairness.
- Brotherhood and Equality: He abolished the pre-Islamic tribalism and declared all people equal, distinguishing them only by their piety.
- The Standard of Morality: He reminded the people that he was leaving behind two guiding principles—the Quran and his own example (Sunnah).
- A Warning against Straying: He warned the people not to stray from the path of righteousness after him.
Excerpts and Key Passages from the Sermon
Here are some of the most famous passages, translated into English:
On the Sanctity of Life, Wealth, and Honor:
“O People! Your lives, your properties, and your honor are sacred to one another until you appear before your Lord, like the sanctity of this day of yours, in this month of yours, in this city of yours.”
On Abolishing Usury and Blood-Money of the Past:
“Every right arising out of transactions in the pre-Islamic period of ignorance is under my feet, completely abolished. Abolished are all the blood-revenges of the pre-Islamic period… The first claim of blood I abolish is that of Ibn Rabi’ah ibn al-Harith… Verily, usury (Riba) is abolished, but you have your capital. Do not wrong and you shall not be wronged.”
On the Rights of Women:
“O people! It is true that you have certain rights with regard to your women, but they also have rights over you. Remember that you have taken them as your wives only under Allah’s trust and with His permission… Treat them well and be kind to them, for they are your partners and committed helpers.”
On Brotherhood and Racial Equality (One of the Most Famous Passages):
“O people! Your Lord is one, and your father is one. All of you are from Adam, and Adam was created from dust. There is no superiority for an Arab over a non-Arab, nor for a non-Arab over an Arab. Neither is the white superior over the black, nor is the black superior over the white—except by piety and good action.“
On the Finality of Revelation:
“O People! No prophet or messenger will come after me, and no new faith will emerge… I am leaving behind two things for you, and if you hold fast to them, you will never go astray: the Book of Allah (the Quran) and my Sunnah (traditions and practices).”
The Concluding Question:
“O people, have I delivered the message?” The crowd responded, “Yes, you have!” The Prophet then raised his forefinger towards the sky and then pointed it at the people, and said, “O Allah, bear witness. O Allah, bear witness.” (He said this three times).
Significance and Importance
The Farewell Sermon is not just a historical document; it is a living guide for Muslims. It encapsulates:
- A Universal Declaration of Human Rights: It established the principles of the right to life, property, and dignity centuries before similar concepts emerged in the West.
- A Blueprint for a Just Society: It lays the foundation for a society based on justice, equality, and brotherhood, free from racial and tribal prejudices.
- A Final Testament: It was the Prophet’s final comprehensive address to his followers, summarizing the essence of his 23-year mission.
For these reasons, the Farewell Sermon remains a cornerstone of Islamic teachings and is studied, recited, and reflected upon by Muslims around the world, especially during the annual Hajj pilgrimage.
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Prophet Muhammad’s Farewell Sermon
The Farewell Sermon (known as Khutbat al-Wada’ in Arabic) is one of the most significant speeches in Islamic history. It was delivered by Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) during his final Hajj pilgrimage on the 9th of Dhul-Hijjah in the 10th year of the Hijrah (corresponding to March 632 CE) in the Uranah Valley near Mount Arafat in Mecca. This event is also called the Farewell Pilgrimage, as it occurred shortly before the Prophet’s passing. The sermon addressed a large gathering of Muslims and covered key principles of faith, ethics, social justice, and human rights. It emphasized equality, the abolition of pre-Islamic customs, and adherence to the Quran and Sunnah (the Prophet’s teachings and practices).
The full text of the sermon, as recorded in historical sources like hadith collections (e.g., in Sahih al-Bukhari and Muslim), is as follows:
After praising and thanking Allah, the Prophet (p.b.u.h.) began with the words:
“O People! Lend me an attentive ear, for I know not whether after this year I shall ever be amongst you again. Therefore, listen carefully to what I am saying and take these words to those who could not be present here today.”
“O People! Just as you regard this month, this day, this city as sacred, so regard the life and property of every Muslim a sacred trust. Return the goods entrusted to you to their rightful owners. Hurt no one so that no one may hurt you. Remember that you will indeed meet your Lord, and that He will indeed reckon your deeds.”
“Allah has forbidden you to take usury, therefore all interest obligation shall henceforth be waived. Your capital is yours to keep. You will neither inflict nor suffer any inequality. Allah has judged that there shall be no interest and that all interest due to Abbas Ibn ‘Aal-Muttalib be waived.”
“Every right arising out of homicide in pre-Islamic days is henceforth waived and the first such right that I waive is that arising from the murder of Rabiah ibni al-Harithiah.”
“O men! The unbelievers indulge in tampering with the calendar in order to make permissible that which Allah forbade, and to prohibit what Allah has made permissible. With Allah the months are twelve in number. Four of them are holy, there are successive and one occurs singly between the months of Jumada and Shaban.”
“Beware of Satan, for the safety of your religion. He has lost all hope that he will be able to lead you astray in big things so beware of following him in small things.”
“O People it is true that you have certain rights with regard to your women but they also have rights over you. Remember that you have taken them as your wives only under Allah’s trust and with His permission. If they abide by your right then to them belongs the right to be fed and clothed in kindness. Do treat your women well and be kind to them for they are your partners and committed helpers. And it is your right that they do not make friends with any one of whom you do not approve, as well never to be unchaste.”
“O People! Listen to me in earnest, worship Allah, say your five daily prayers, fast during month of Ramadan, and give your wealth in Zakat. Perform Haj if you can afford it.”
“All mankind is from Adam and Eve, an Arab has no superiority over a non-Arab nor a non-Arab has any superiority over an Arab; also a White has no superiority over a Black nor a Black has any superiority over a White except by piety and good action. Learn that every Muslim is a brother to every Muslim and that the Muslims constitute one brotherhood. Nothing shall be legitimate to a Muslim which belongs to a fellow Muslim unless it was given freely and willingly.”
“Do not therefore do injustice to yourselves. Remember one day you will meet Allah and answer your deeds. So beware, do not astray from the path of righteousness after I am gone.”
“O People! No Prophet or apostle will come after me and no new faith will be born. Reason well, therefore O People! and understand words that I convey to you. I leave behind me two things, the Quran and the Sunnah and if you follow these you will never go astray.”
“All those who listen to me shall pass on my words to others and those to others again; and may the last ones understand my words better than those who listen to me directly.”
“O Allah, be my witness, that I have conveyed your message to Your people.”
As part of the sermon, the Prophet also recited a Quranic verse that had just been revealed, completing the revelation of the Quran: “This day the disbelievers despair of prevailing against your religion, so fear them not, but fear Me (Allah)! This day have I perfected for you, your religion and fulfilled My favor unto you, and it hath been My good pleasure to choose Islam for you as your religion.” (Quran 5:3)
The sermon was proclaimed loudly by a companion to ensure it reached the entire crowd, and the Prophet confirmed with the audience that he had conveyed the message. 9
This address has profound implications, promoting universal values like racial equality, women’s rights, and economic justice, which were revolutionary for the time. Variations in wording exist across historical narrations, but the core messages remain consistent. If you’re interested in comparisons to other prophetic farewells (e.g., Moses’ in Deuteronomy), let me know for more details!
Messages from Quran 