Last sermon of Prophet Mohammed sas

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The Last Sermon (Khutbat al-Wada’) of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) was delivered on 9 Dhul-Hijjah 10 AH (6 March 632 CE) at Mount Arafat during his only Hajj pilgrimage. This sermon is a foundational text in Islam, encapsulating core ethical, social, and spiritual principles. Below is a synthesis of its key themes and passages, drawn from authenticated sources:

Core Themes and Direct Quotations

  1. Sanctity of Life and Property:

“O People! Just as you regard this month, this day, this city as sacred, so regard the life and property of every Muslim as a sacred trust. Hurt no one so that no one may hurt you.”

  1. Prohibition of Usury (Riba):

“Allah has forbidden you to take usury; therefore all interest obligations are waived. Your capital is yours to keep. You will neither inflict nor suffer inequity.” The Prophet specifically waived debts owed to his uncle, Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib, as an example .

  1. Abolition of Pre-Islamic Injustices:
  • All blood feuds and tribal discriminations from the Jahiliyyah (pre-Islamic era) were nullified .
  • The Islamic calendar was fixed to prevent manipulation of sacred months .
  1. Rights of Women:

“O People! Your wives have rights over you, and you have rights over them. Treat them with kindness, for they are your partners and helpers.” The sermon emphasized mutual respect, provision of basic needs, and protection of marital fidelity .

  1. Universal Equality and Brotherhood:

“All mankind is from Adam and Eve. An Arab has no superiority over a non-Arab, nor a white over a black, except by piety (taqwa) and good deeds. Every Muslim is a brother to every Muslim.” .

  1. Adherence to Quran and Sunnah:

“I leave behind two things: the Quran and my Sunnah (traditions). If you follow them, you will never go astray.” .

  1. Finality of Prophethood:

“No prophet or apostle will come after me, and no new faith will be born.” .

  1. Warning Against Satan:

“Beware of Satan in small matters, for he despairs of leading you astray in large ones.” .

  1. Accountability to Allah:

“Remember, you will meet your Lord, and He will reckon your deeds.” .

  1. Pillars of Islam:
    Emphasis on daily prayers (Salah), fasting (Ramadan), almsgiving (Zakat), and Hajj for those able .

Historical Context

  • Occasion: Delivered during the Farewell Pilgrimage (Hajjat al-Wada’), attended by over 10,000 Muslims .
  • Revelation of Quran 5:3: The verse “This day I have perfected your religion…” was revealed during this sermon, signifying the completion of Islam’s message .
  • Transmission: The Prophet instructed attendees to convey his words to others, ensuring its preservation .

Modern Relevance

  • Anti-Racism: The sermon’s egalitarian message remains central to discussions on racial justice (e.g., Black Lives Matter) .
  • Economic Justice: Prohibition of usury underscores Islamic finance principles .
  • Gender Equity: Early reforms for women’s rights counter patriarchal misinterpretations .

For the full Arabic text or detailed hadith sources (e.g., Sahih Bukhari, Muslim), refer to The Last Sermon or Wikipedia: Farewell Sermon .

Key Points

  • The Farewell Sermon, also known as the last sermon of Prophet Mohammed (peace be upon him), was delivered during his final Hajj pilgrimage.
  • Research suggests it occurred on the 9th of Dhul-Hijjah, 10 A.H. (6 March 632), in the Uranah valley of Mount Arafat, Mecca.
  • The sermon covers key Islamic teachings, including the sacredness of life, prohibition of usury, rights and duties between spouses, and equality among Muslims.

Overview

The Farewell Sermon stands as a foundational text in Islam, offering guidance on living a God-fearing life, promoting peace, and ensuring justice. Its detailed teachings continue to resonate, providing a lens through which Muslims view their faith and interact with society. This analysis, based on current research as of July 10, 2025, aims to provide a comprehensive understanding, acknowledging the complexity and richness of the sermon’s legacy.

The Farewell Sermon is a significant religious speech in Islam, believed to have been delivered by Prophet Mohammed during his last Hajj. It addresses core principles of the faith, offering guidance on moral, social, and spiritual matters. While there are multiple versions recorded in Islamic texts, the core messages are consistent across reliable sources.

Detailed Content

The sermon emphasizes several key points:

  • Sacredness and Trust: It calls for respecting the life and property of Muslims as sacred, similar to the sanctity of the Hajj month, day, and city.
  • Prohibition of Usury: It explicitly forbids usury (interest), waiving all related obligations.
  • Spousal Rights: It outlines mutual rights and duties, with men expected to provide for their wives and women to maintain fidelity and respect household boundaries.
  • Worship and Pillars: It reinforces the importance of the five daily prayers, fasting in Ramadan, giving Zakat, and performing Hajj if affordable.
  • Equality and Brotherhood: It stresses that all humans are equal, with no superiority except through piety, and highlights the brotherhood of Muslims, prohibiting injustice among them.
  • Finality of Prophethood: It declares that no prophet will come after Mohammed, leaving the Quran and Sunnah as guidance.

The sermon concluded with the revelation of Surah 5, Ayah 3, marking the completion of the Islamic religion.

Sources

For further reading, you can explore:

Comprehensive Analysis of the Farewell Sermon

This section provides a detailed examination of the Farewell Sermon, also known as the last sermon of Prophet Mohammed (peace be upon him), delivered during his final Hajj pilgrimage. It aims to offer a thorough understanding of the event, its historical context, and its significance, drawing from multiple reliable sources to ensure accuracy and depth.

Historical Context and Delivery

Research suggests that the Farewell Sermon was delivered on the 9th of Dhul-Hijjah, 10 A.H., corresponding to 6 March 632, in the Uranah valley of Mount Arafat, Mecca, during the annual Hajj rites, also known as the Farewell Pilgrimage. This event is considered one of the most significant in Islamic history, marking the first and last Hajj performed by Prophet Mohammed and serving as a model for the fifth pillar of Islam. The sermon was addressed to a large gathering of Muslims, with estimates suggesting over 10,000 pilgrims were present, and it is believed to have been witnessed and later narrated by companions such as Rabiah (RA).

The timing, 10 A.H. of the Islamic Calendar, is notable for multiple reasons. It was a period when numerous deputations announced their acceptance of Islam, and it is seen as a golden era of Islamic expansion. The sermon’s delivery coincided with the revelation of Surah 5, Ayah 3, which states, “This day have I perfected your religion for you, completed My favour upon you, and have chosen for you Islam as your religion,” underscoring its capstone nature.

Content Analysis

The sermon covers a wide range of teachings, and while various versions exist in Islamic texts such as Sahih al-Bukhari, Sahih Muslim, and Sunan Abu Dawood, the core messages are consistent across sources. Below is a detailed breakdown of the key points, organized for clarity:ThemeDetailsSacredness and Trust Emphasizes that the life and property of every Muslim are sacred trusts, akin to the sanctity of Dhul-Hijjah, the 9th day, and Mecca. It calls for returning entrusted goods to their rightful owners and avoiding harm, with the principle, “Hurt no one so that no one may hurt you.” Prohibition of Usury Declares usury (interest) forbidden, waiving all interest obligations, including those due to Abbas ibn Abdul Muttalib, a close relative of the Prophet. Spousal Rights and Duties Outlines mutual rights: men must feed and clothe their wives kindly, while women are expected not to be unchaste or admit unapproved persons into the home. This reflects a balance of responsibilities and respect. Worship and Islamic Pillars Reinforces core practices: perform the five daily prayers, fast during Ramadan, give Zakat (obligatory alms), and perform Hajj if means allow. These are fundamental to Islamic worship and community welfare. Equality and Brotherhood Stresses human equality, stating all are from Adam and Eve, with no superiority of Arab over non-Arab or white over black, except by piety and good action. It also declares Muslims as brothers, prohibiting injustice and unauthorized taking from one another. Finality of Prophethood Affirms that no prophet or apostle will come after Mohammed, leaving the Quran and Sunnah as the guiding principles for Muslims, ensuring continuity of the faith. Accountability and Guidance Reminds listeners of accountability before Allah, urging them to hold fast to the Book of Allah to avoid straying, and concludes with a call to pass on his words to others, ensuring the message’s dissemination.

The sermon also includes warnings against Satan, particularly in small matters, and addresses historical practices, such as waiving rights of homicide from pre-Islamic days, with the first case mentioned being Rabiah ibni al-Harithiah.

Significance and Legacy

The Farewell Sermon is regarded as a comprehensive encapsulation of Islamic ethics and law, providing timeless guidance on morality, social justice, and faith. It is passed down through generations, recited in mosques, and discussed in lectures, maintaining its relevance over 1,400 years. Its emphasis on socio-economic justice, such as through Zakat, aims at fair wealth distribution, while its call for equality and brotherhood fosters unity among Muslims.

The revelation of Surah 5, Ayah 3 at the sermon’s conclusion is seen as divine confirmation of the religion’s perfection, marking a pivotal moment in Islamic history. This event is commemorated annually during Hajj, with millions of pilgrims reflecting on its teachings at Mount Arafat.

Comparative Analysis Across Sources

To ensure accuracy, the content was verified against multiple sources, including:

These sources show consistency in core messages, though slight variations exist due to different narrations, reflecting the oral tradition’s nature. The consistency across Sahih al-Bukhari, Sahih Muslim, and other hadith collections further validates the sermon’s authenticity.

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