Q: Can you please pull verses of Quran which are alleged to be discriminatory between treatment of sexes, based on faith and their rebuttal from Quran and tafaseer

A:

Quranic Verses Alleged to be Discriminatory — With Arabic Text, Translation & Rebuttal

1.  AN-NISA 4:34 — Qawwamiyyah
   Arabic:
   ٱلرِّجَالُ قَوَّٰمُونَ عَلَى ٱلنِّسَآءِ بِمَا فَضَّلَ ٱللَّهُ بَعْضَهُمْ عَلَىٰ بَعْضٍ وَبِمَآ أَنفَقُوا۟ مِنْ أَمْوَٰلِهِمْ ۚ فَٱلصَّٰلِحَٰتُ قَٰنِتَٰتٌ حَٰفِظَٰتٌ لِّلْغَيْبِ بِمَا حَفِظَ ٱللَّهُ ۚ وَٱلَّٰتِى تَخَافُونَ نُشُوزَهُنَّ فَعِظُوهُنَّ وَٱهْجُرُوهُنَّ فِى ٱلْمَضَاجِعِ وَٱضْرِبُوهُنَّ ۖ فَإِنْ أَطَعْنَكُمْ فَلَا تَبْغُوا۟ عَلَيْهِنَّ سَبِيلًا ۗ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ كَانَ عَلِيًّا كَبِيرًا
   Translation:
   “Men are qawwamun (custodians/maintainers) over women, because Allah has made some of them excel over others and because they spend out of their possessions. The righteous women are devoutly obedient, guarding in the husband’s absence what Allah would have them guard. As for those women from whom you fear rebellion, admonish them, and forsake them in bed, and strike them. Then if they obey you, seek no means against them. Surely Allah is Most High, Most Great.”
   The Allegation: Establishes permanent male superiority; the word idribuhunna (strike) is especially contested.
   Rebuttal from Quran & Tafaseer:
   ∙ Qawwam is custodianship, not dominion:* Mawdudi’s Tafheem explains that qawwam or qayyim is a person responsible for administering and supervising the affairs of either an individual or an organization — for protecting and safeguarding them and taking care of their needs. It is a role of financial responsibility, not ontological superiority.
   ∙ Fadl refers to functional differentiation:* Mawdudi clarifies the verb faddala is not used to mean some people have been invested with superior honour and dignity — it refers to differentiation of complementary roles.
   ∙ Idribuhunna — linguistic and contextual nuance:* Classical lexicographers note that daraba in Arabic has over twenty meanings including: to set forth, to separate, to cite an example, to travel. Ibn Abbas (RA), the greatest Companion-exegete, said the strike, if at all, should be ghayr mubarrih — not leaving a mark. The Prophet ﷺ himself said: “The best of you are those who are best to their wives” (Tirmidhi).
   ∙ Egalitarian baseline — Al-Ahzab 33:35:
   إِنَّ ٱلْمُسْلِمِينَ وَٱلْمُسْلِمَٰتِ وَٱلْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَٱلْمُؤْمِنَٰتِ…
   “Indeed, the Muslim men and Muslim women, the believing men and believing women…” — promising identical divine reward to both.
2.  AL-BAQARAH 2:282 — Two Women Witnesses
   Arabic:
   وَٱسْتَشْهِدُوا۟ شَهِيدَيْنِ مِن رِّجَالِكُمْ ۖ فَإِن لَّمْ يَكُونَا رَجُلَيْنِ فَرَجُلٌ وَٱمْرَأَتَانِ مِمَّن تَرْضَوْنَ مِنَ ٱلشُّهَدَآءِ أَن تَضِلَّ إِحْدَىٰهُمَا فَتُذَكِّرَ إِحْدَىٰهُمَا ٱلْأُخْرَىٰ
   Translation:
   “And call to witness two witnesses from among your men; and if two men are not available, then one man and two women from those whom you accept as witnesses — so that if one of them errs, the other may remind her.”
   The Allegation: A woman’s testimony is worth half a man’s — implying inferior intellect or reliability.
   Rebuttal from Quran & Tafaseer:
   ∙ Ishhad vs Shahadah — a critical distinction:* Scholar Muhammad ʿImārah distinguishes between shahādah (formal court testimony) and ishhād (contract attestation). 2:282 pertains only to the latter — a procedural memory safeguard in financial documentation, not a blanket ruling on women’s legal testimony.
   ∙ The tadillu clause is practical, not ontological: An tadilla (lest she err/forget) addresses a specific context — women in 7th-century Arabia were largely excluded from commercial transactions and thus less practiced in them. The second woman’s role is corrective assistance, not independent testimony.
   ∙ A revolutionary step forward: In pre-Islamic Arabia, women had no legal standing as witnesses whatsoever. The Quran’s inclusion was a foundational reform.
   ∙ The Quran accepts a single woman’s testimony elsewhere: In Surah An-Nur 24:6–9, a wife’s single oath (li’an) carries full legal weight equal to her husband’s — demonstrating that gender alone is never the absolute criterion.
3.  AN-NISA 4:11 — Inheritance
   Arabic:
   يُوصِيكُمُ ٱللَّهُ فِىٓ أَوْلَٰدِكُمْ ۖ لِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ ٱلْأُنثَيَيْنِ ۚ فَإِن كُنَّ نِسَآءً فَوْقَ ٱثْنَتَيْنِ فَلَهُنَّ ثُلُثَا مَا تَرَكَ ۖ وَإِن كَانَتْ وَٰحِدَةً فَلَهَا ٱلنِّصْفُ
   Translation:
   “Allah commands you regarding your children: the share of the male will be twice that of the female. If there are more than two daughters, they will get two-thirds of what the deceased leaves; if there is only one daughter, she will get half.”
   The Allegation: Women receive half the male inheritance share — economic subordination.
   Rebuttal from Quran & Tafaseer:
   ∙ Financial obligations offset the differential: Mawdudi’s Tafheem explains that since Islamic law imposes greater financial obligations on men — mahr, wife’s full maintenance, children’s expenses — and relieves women of these obligations entirely, justice demands the proportional difference. A woman’s inheritance is hers alone to retain and invest.
   ∙ A revolutionary reform: Ibn Kathir notes that the people of Jahiliyyah gave males but not females any share in inheritance. The Quran mandated a fixed, inviolable female share for the first time in world legal history.
   ∙ Phrasing prioritises women: Instead of saying “for two females, the share of one male,” the Quran says “for the male, the share of two females” — foregrounding the female share as the reference point.
   ∙ Net wealth often favours women: When factoring in mahr (received, not spent), exemption from all maintenance obligations, and full retention of earnings and inheritance, classical scholars like Ibn al-Qayyim argue women frequently accumulate greater disposable wealth.
   ∙ Women can receive more in other scenarios: A sole-daughter heir takes half the estate independently. In kalalah (no direct descendants), brothers and sisters share equally (4:176). The 2:1 ratio is situational, not universal.
4.  AL-BAQARAH 2:228 — Men Have a Darajah
   Arabic:
   وَلَهُنَّ مِثْلُ ٱلَّذِى عَلَيْهِنَّ بِٱلْمَعْرُوفِ ۚ وَلِلرِّجَالِ عَلَيْهِنَّ دَرَجَةٌ ۗ وَٱللَّهُ عَزِيزٌ حَكِيمٌ
   Translation:
   “And women have rights similar to the rights against them, in a just manner — but men have a degree (darajah) above them. And Allah is Exalted in Might and Wise.”
   The Allegation: Men are granted a higher status over women categorically.
   Rebuttal from Quran & Tafaseer:
   ∙ Darajah is contextual — divorce law, not metaphysics:* This verse occurs within the context of divorce (talaq) proceedings. The darajah is universally interpreted by classical mufassireen — Tabari, Zamakhshari, Razi, Ibn Kathir — as referring specifically to the husband’s unilateral initiation of talaq, which comes with the corresponding obligations of ’iddah support and deferred mahr payment. It is a degree of legal responsibility and financial liability.
   ∙ The preceding clause negates blanket superiority: “وَلَهُنَّ مِثْلُ ٱلَّذِى عَلَيْهِنَّ” — “Women have rights similar to those against them” — is one of the most sweeping mutual-rights declarations in any 7th-century text.
5.  The Quranic Rebuttals — Verses of Absolute Spiritual Equality
   Al-Hujurat 49:13:
   يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلنَّاسُ إِنَّا خَلَقْنَٰكُم مِّن ذَكَرٍ وَأُنثَىٰ وَجَعَلْنَٰكُمْ شُعُوبًا وَقَبَآئِلَ لِتَعَارَفُوٓا۟ ۚ إِنَّ أَكْرَمَكُمْ عِندَ ٱللَّهِ أَتْقَىٰكُمْ
   “O mankind! We created you from a male and a female, and made you into nations and tribes so that you may know one another. Verily the most honourable of you in the sight of Allah is the most righteous among you.” — No gender qualifier whatsoever.
   Al-Imran 3:195:
   فَٱسْتَجَابَ لَهُمْ رَبُّهُمْ أَنِّى لَآ أُضِيعُ عَمَلَ عَٰمِلٍ مِّنكُم مِّن ذَكَرٍ أَوْ أُنثَىٰ ۖ بَعْضُكُم مِّنۢ بَعْضٍ
   “Their Lord responded to them: I will not let the deeds of any worker among you go to waste, whether male or female — you are of one another.”
   An-Nahl 16:97:
   مَنْ عَمِلَ صَٰلِحًا مِّن ذَكَرٍ أَوْ أُنثَىٰ وَهُوَ مُؤْمِنٌ فَلَنُحْيِيَنَّهُۥ حَيَوٰةً طَيِّبَةً
   “Whoever does righteous deeds, male or female, while being a believer — We will grant them a good life.”
   An-Nisa 4:124:
   وَمَن يَعْمَلْ مِنَ ٱلصَّٰلِحَٰتِ مِن ذَكَرٍ أَوْ أُنثَىٰ وَهُوَ مُؤْمِنٌ فَأُو۟لَٰٓئِكَ يَدْخُلُونَ ٱلْجَنَّةَ
   “Whoever does righteous deeds — male or female — while being a believer, it is they who will enter Paradise.”

Overarching Conclusion
The Islamic scholarly tradition — from Ibn Kathir and Tabari through Mawdudi and contemporary scholars — consistently interprets the verses above as addressing functional and legal differentiation within a complementary system, not declarations of ontological or spiritual inferiority. The Quran’s own repeated affirmations of equal spiritual standing, equal divine accountability, and equal reward for righteous deeds for both sexes form the interpretive framework within which all other verses must be read.