Islamic knowledge

Chapter 93/ Ad-Duha

Summary of the chapter & the links: 

1. Audio discussion of the chapter summary: 

https://notebooklm.google.com/notebook/ff9e6bfa-64a6-4a94-b6d2-ed3ef98b2d04/audio

2. Mesmerizing recitation of the chapter with English translation:

https://surahquran.com/sorah-english-93.html

3. Free app for complete Quran , translations in multiple world languages: https://apps.apple.com/app/id1118663303

4. Free app for complete Quran, recitation, multiple tafaseer, books of ahadees: https://apps.apple.com/app/id1006098149

Based on the Tafheemul Quran commentary by Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi, here is a concise summary of Surah Ad-Duha (Chapter 93):

📜 Revelation Context

  • Revealed in early Makkah during a pause (Fatrah) in revelations, causing the Prophet (ﷺ) deep distress. Opponents like Umm Jamil (Abu Lahab’s wife) taunted that Allah had “forsaken” him. This surah consoled the Prophet, affirming divine support and rejecting abandonment .

📖 Verse-by-Verse Summary

  1. Verses 1-2: Allah swears by the morning brightness (Duha) 🌅 and the still night (Layl) 🌃, symbolizing the contrast between revelation (light) and its temporary pause (rest). This duality reflects divine wisdom, not displeasure .
  2. Verses 3-5: Direct reassurance: “Your Lord has not forsaken you, nor is He displeased.” A prophecy follows: the Hereafter and future worldly success (e.g., Islamic victories) will surpass current hardships, leaving the Prophet “well-pleased” .
  3. Verses 6-8: Allah recounts past favors:
    • Sheltering the Prophet as an orphan 👦.
    • Guiding him from spiritual “loss” (pre-revelation confusion).
    • Enriching him from poverty (e.g., through Khadija’s marriage) .
  4. Verses 9-11: Three commands to demonstrate gratitude:
    • Do not oppress orphans.
    • Do not repulse beggars.
    • Proclaim Allah’s bounties (e.g., through dawah) .

💡 Key Themes

  • Divine Reassurance: The pause in revelation was a necessary respite, likened to night’s restorative stillness after day’s light .
  • Prophecy of Triumph: Despite early persecution, the Prophet witnessed Islam’s rapid expansion—fulfilling Verse 5’s promise .
  • Ethical Response to Grace: Past blessings (orphanhood→shelter) inform commands to protect vulnerable groups .

✨ Literary Note

  • Oaths (Verses 1-2): The pairing of opposites (day/night) underscores balance in divine decree .
  • Word Choice: “Mā wadda‘aka” (He has not forsaken you) uses emphatic negation to dispel doubt .

Key Points

  • Surah 93, Ad-Duhaa, from Tafheemul Quran, seems to focus on consoling the Prophet Muhammad during a pause in revelation, reassuring him of Allah’s support.
  • It appears to highlight Allah’s past favors, promise a better future, and give instructions on social conduct like caring for orphans and helping those in need.
  • The evidence leans toward this surah being revealed in Makkah during early Islam, amidst challenges, to encourage the Prophet.

Summary of Surah 93 from Tafheemul Quran

Overview
Surah 93, known as Ad-Duhaa, is a short chapter with 11 verses. Tafheemul Quran suggests it was revealed to comfort the Prophet Muhammad during a time when the revelation of the Quran had temporarily stopped, causing him distress and facing taunts from opponents. This pause lasted between 12 to 40 days, according to different narrations.

Key Messages
The surah starts with oaths by the bright forenoon and the peaceful night, emphasizing Allah’s greatness. It reassures the Prophet that Allah has not forsaken him nor is displeased (93:3). It also states that the hereafter will be better than the past (93:4) and promises ample blessings that will lead to satisfaction (93:5).
Additionally, it reminds the Prophet of Allah’s past favors: sheltering him as an orphan (93:6), guiding him when lost (93:7), and enriching him when in need (93:8). The surah includes instructions for social conduct, such as not oppressing orphans (93:9), not repelling those who ask for help (93:10), and proclaiming Allah’s bounties (93:11).

Historical Context
Research suggests this surah was revealed in Makkah during the early days of Islam, when the Muslim community was small and faced significant hostility. It seems to have served to reassure the Prophet of Allah’s unwavering support and promise of future success, which later spread Islam across Arabia and beyond.

Supporting Information
For further reading, you can explore the detailed tafsir at Tafheemul Quran: Surah Ad-Duhaa (93).

Detailed Survey Note on Surah 93 from Tafheemul Quran

This note provides a comprehensive analysis of Surah 93, Ad-Duhaa, as interpreted in Tafheemul Quran by Syed Abul A’ala Maududi. It aims to cover all aspects of the surah’s theme, context, and messages, expanding on the direct answer with additional details for a thorough understanding. The content is structured to mimic a professional article, ensuring clarity and depth for readers interested in Islamic studies.

Introduction to Tafheemul Quran and Surah 93

Tafheemul Quran is a renowned tafsir (interpretation) of the Quran by Syed Abul A’ala Maududi, known for its detailed commentary and application to contemporary contexts. Surah 93, Ad-Duhaa, is the 93rd chapter of the Quran, revealed in Makkah, and consists of 11 verses. It is named “Ad-Duhaa,” meaning “The Morning Hours,” reflecting its opening oath by the bright forenoon. This surah is significant for its consolatory tone, addressing the Prophet Muhammad during a challenging period in his mission.

Historical Context and Revelation

According to Tafheemul Quran, Surah 93 was revealed during the early Makkan period, a time when Islam was nascent, and the Muslim community faced significant opposition. A key context is the temporary suspension of revelation, which lasted between 12 to 40 days, with varying narrations: Ibn Juraij suggests 12 days, Kalbi 15 days, Ibn Abbas 25 days, and Suddi/Muqatil 40 days. This pause caused distress to the Prophet, and his opponents, such as Umm Jamil, taunted him, questioning his prophethood. The surah was revealed to address this situation, providing comfort and reassurance.

The historical setting is crucial, as early Islam had few followers, and the Prophet faced hostility from the Makkan elite. Tafheemul Quran highlights that this surah served as a divine reminder of Allah’s support, reinforcing the Prophet’s resolve amidst adversity. The promise of future success, as noted, was later fulfilled, with Islam spreading across Arabia (from southern coasts to Syrian/Iraqi frontiers, Persian Gulf to Red Sea) within 23 years, and later to Asia, Africa, and Europe.

Thematic Analysis

The theme of Surah 93, as per Tafheemul Quran, is multifaceted, focusing on consolation, reassurance, and guidance. It begins with oaths by the bright forenoon (93:1) and the night when it covers the world with peace (93:2), setting a tone of divine majesty. These oaths are not merely rhetorical but emphasize the context of day and night, contrasting light and darkness, which relates to the Prophet’s emotional state during the revelation pause.

The surah then directly addresses the Prophet, stating, “Your Lord has neither forsaken you, nor is He displeased” (93:3). This verse is pivotal, countering the doubts and taunts by affirming Allah’s continuous support. It is followed by the promise, “Indeed what is to come will be better for you than what has gone by” (93:4), suggesting a brighter future, both in this world and the hereafter. Further, it assures, “Verily your Lord will soon give you so amply that you will be well-pleased” (93:5), indicating divine blessings that would lead to satisfaction.

Reminders of Divine Favors

A significant portion of the surah reminds the Prophet of Allah’s past favors, reinforcing trust in divine care. These include:

  • Sheltering him when he was an orphan (93:6), a reference to his early life after losing his parents.
  • Guiding him when he was lost (93:7), interpreted as guiding him from a state of unawareness to prophethood, or from being unnoticed in a society of ignorance to a prominent leader.
  • Enriching him when he was in need (93:8), likely referring to his financial and social elevation through marriage to Khadijah and his prophetic mission.

Tafheemul Quran explains that these verses do not imply the Prophet was astray in creed or deed before prophethood but highlight his transformation and Allah’s guidance, aligning with verses like Surah Ash-Shura (42:52), which notes, “You did not know at all what was the Book and what was the faith.”

Instructions for Social Conduct

The latter part of the surah shifts to practical guidance, instructing the Prophet on social responsibilities. It commands:

  • “So as for the orphan, do not oppress him” (93:9), emphasizing care for the vulnerable, reflecting the Prophet’s own experience as an orphan.
  • “And as for the one who asks, do not repel him” (93:10), advocating generosity and compassion toward those in need.
  • “And as for your Lord’s favor, proclaim it” (93:11), encouraging gratitude and sharing Allah’s blessings.

These instructions are not only personal but also communal, setting a model for Muslim conduct, especially in times of hardship.

Detailed Breakdown of Key Verses

To provide a structured overview, the following table summarizes the key verses and their interpretations from Tafheemul Quran:VerseText (Summary)Interpretation in Tafheemul Quran 93:1-2 By the forenoon and the night when it covers with peace Oaths emphasizing divine order, contrasting light and darkness, relating to the Prophet’s state. 93:3 Your Lord has not forsaken you, nor is He displeased Reassures the Prophet during revelation pause, countering doubts and taunts. 93:4 What is to come is better than what has gone by Promises a better future, both worldly success and hereafter, encouraging perseverance. 93:5 Your Lord will give you so amply that you will be well-pleased Assures divine blessings leading to satisfaction, fulfilling the promise of success. 93:6-8 Reminds of past favors: sheltered as orphan, guided when lost, enriched when in need Highlights Allah’s care, transforming the Prophet’s life, reinforcing trust in divine support. 93:9-11 Do not oppress orphans, do not repel those who ask, proclaim Allah’s favor Instructions for social conduct, emphasizing compassion, generosity, and gratitude.

This table encapsulates the verse-by-verse exegesis, aligning with Tafheemul Quran’s detailed commentary.

Fulfillment of Promises

Tafheemul Quran notes that the promises in Surah 93 were fulfilled during the Prophet’s lifetime. Within 23 years, Islam spread across Arabia, from the southern coasts to the Syrian and Iraqi frontiers, and from the Persian Gulf to the Red Sea. This expansion continued post-prophecy, reaching Asia, Africa, and Europe, demonstrating the divine support promised in the surah.

Relevance and Application

For contemporary readers, Surah 93, as interpreted in Tafheemul Quran, offers lessons in resilience during adversity, trust in divine timing, and social responsibility. It encourages believers to remain steadfast during challenges, remembering past blessings, and fulfilling duties toward the vulnerable, such as orphans and those in need. The surah’s emphasis on proclaiming Allah’s favors also underscores the importance of gratitude and sharing blessings.

Supporting Resources

For further exploration, the following URLs provide additional insights into Tafheemul Quran and related tafsirs:

These resources complement the detailed commentary, offering diverse perspectives for deeper study.

Conclusion

Surah 93, Ad-Duhaa, as analyzed in Tafheemul Quran, is a profound message of consolation and guidance, addressing the Prophet’s challenges during a revelation pause and outlining principles for social conduct. It reinforces trust in Allah’s support, promises future success, and instructs on compassion and gratitude, making it relevant for both historical and contemporary contexts. This detailed survey ensures a comprehensive understanding, aligning with the user’s request for a summary from Tafheemul Quran alone.

Conclusion

Surah Ad-Duha masterfully blends consolation, prophecy, and ethics, affirming Allah’s unwavering support for the Prophet (ﷺ) and modeling gratitude through actionable compassion. For deeper analysis, refer to Tafheemul Quran, Surah 93 .